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Question: Discuss about thePsychologyfor Social and Psychological Factors. Answer: Biopsychosocial model asserts that health and illness are determined by a dynamic interaction between biological, social and psychological factors (Kevin, 2011). Based on this model, it is the interaction of these factors which lead to a particular health or illness outcome. For pain to occur in ones body, it means that a damage has occurred somewhere in his body and this damage can be influenced by different factors. From this model, it is clear that the difference in level of pain which people experience is influenced by different factors which impact it. This model can be used to help human beings understand that the happiness they have is not from pleasure, but from rest from pain. Task 2 Findings From various studies conducted in the past have shown close relationship between stress and pain. Stress is defined as a sense of uncontrollability and unpredictability which arise as a result of several factors which human beings undergo in their day to day activities (Carri-Ann, 2012). While stress can be helpful in some occasions, like for example in challenging work environment, it can also be detrimental on other factors like for example in dealing with pain. Recent research indicates that stress dramatically decreases the ability of the body to control pain. When one is stressed, the muscles tense up. When this happens, the ability of the body to respond to pain is usually impacted (Alan Richard, 2011). When the body muscles are taut and tense for a long period of time, other reactions are triggered. Sometimes these reactions lead to illnesses which may increase the pain. Because pain is usually regulated by the nervous system, the brain becomes the key player on how people perceive what they experience in their bodies. This means when one is stressed, the ability of the brain to filter pain signals is usually negatively influenced and this may lead to increase in pain. In some cases, Stress in the body lead to raise in blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and muscle tension. Abnormalities in these activities reduce the ability to modulate pain and this is the reason why pain increases with increase with the level of stress (Minakshi, 2015). Increase in Stress also worsen pain through impacting sleep, mood and pain threshold. Because stress triggers pain, one of the strategies which can be used to attain pain relief is coming up with strategies of how to manage stress effectively. Task 3 Telling someone that your pain is in his head can make the person enter in a situation which can significantly increase the level of the pain. This phrase can only be understood by people who knows the relationship between the function of the brain and pain, and if used for people who do not understand this, it can make them develop stress which can in turn lead to an increase on the level of pain. Although the brain, which is in the head is the one which give perception towards pain, this can be hardly understood by someone who is in pain (Peter, 2013). In most cases, people in chronic pain views this as a hurtful and biting phrase which should not be applied on situations of pain because it worsens the condition in some people especially those who do not understand what it means. Some of them find the phrase not realistic because they feel that they only experience the pain where there is a problem. Task 1 This article explains the relationship between the psychological wellbeing of university students and coping with stress. The article also considers other factors in stress management like gender, age and degree in ones ability to cope with stress. The authors also tried to explain different profiles of university students according to their level of psychological well-being and also provided an analysis of the difference between these profiles in the use of three coping strategies namely; support seeking, positive reappraisal and planning. There are various ways which university students can use to cope with stress which arise from their day to day activities. The effectiveness of each strategy is influenced by several factors including the cause of the stress (Freire, Del Mar Ferradas, Valle, al., 2016). The article explains the importance of these coping strategies and how they can be applied by students on coping with stress. Generally, this article explains how various aspects influence the ability of university student to cope with academic stress. It also explains the relationship between stress and well-being and how the ability to cope with stress influence various things like academic performance, physical health among others. Task 2 If I received lower mark than I expected on a university assignment, I would use support-seeking. This strategy can be of benefit to me in the fact that getting low grade can lead to increased stress because one of the major goals of every student is to attain the best grades. Support seeking can act as a buffer against the physiological and psychological effects of stress which can result from thinking about the reasons which led to the failed grade (Carr, 2011). Support seeking can play a significant role in managing stress in such situation because it can prevent me from isolating and internalizing the impact of stress. One of the ways which I could apply this mechanism is trying to talk with a supportive person. This can be my subject teacher, other student, family member or any other person who I feel can give me an information which can assist in managing the stress. In this case, informational support can be prioritized because the aim of seeking for support will be to obtain information which can guide and advise me on coming up with a solution, and also assist me on how understand and cope better with the situation. Task 3 According to this article, coping strategies utilized by students plays a significant role in their psychological well-being. The journal used the theory of stress coping to explain the relationship among various factors like the causes of stress among the university students, coping strategies and the psychological well-being. From the article, the use of effective coping strategies among the students makes them maintain higher level of psychological well-being (Subhi Al-Gamal, 2013). Apart from psychological well-being, the author also relates stress among university students with various other factors like academic performance and physical health. This explains the reasons why the students who find challenges in coping with stress fail to indicate good academic performance as compared to those who use best strategies to manage stress. Being unable to cope with stress also impacts the physical health of students by making them look sick even when they are healthy. References Alan, D. K., Richard, D. U. (2011). Understanding Pain: What You Need to Know to Take Control. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. Carr, D. (2011). Worried Sick: How Stress Hurts Us and How to Bounce Back. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Carri-Ann, G. (2012). Review of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Chronic Pain: The Path to Integrated Care. Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development, 49(12), 78-90. Freire, C., Del Mar Ferradas, M., Valle, A., al., e. (2016). Profiles of Psychological Well-being and Coping Strategies among University Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 20-56. Kevin, F. (2011). The Rise and Fall of the Biopsychosocial Model: Reconciling Art Science in Psychiatry. American Journal of Psychotherapy,, 65(1), 54-69. Minakshi, R. (2015). Positive Psychology and Its Importance at Workplace. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(2), 98-102. Peter, S. (2013). Defining Counselling Psychology: What Do All the Words Mean? New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 42(3), 56-78. Subhi, A., Al-Gamal, E. (2013). Perceived stress and coping strategies among Jordanian nursing students during clinical practice in psychiatric/mental health courses. international Journal of health nursing, 23(4), 326335.